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SINDOB
ACIONALEMPREGOCULTURACOLUNISTAS CONTATO InícioCovid-19Menor efetividade da Coronavac abre debate sobre revacinar idosos Covid-19
ACIONALEMPREGOCULTURACOLUNISTAS CONTATO InícioCovid-19Menor efetividade da Coronavac abre debate sobre revacinar idosos Covid-19
Pesquisa mostrou que a taxa de proteção da vacina cai conforme a idade e varia de 61,8% na faixa etária dos 70 aos 74 anos a 28% acima dos 80 anos
A menor efetividade da Coronavac em idosos mais velhos, observada em um estudo divulgado na última sexta-feira, já levanta a discussão sobre a necessidade de revacinação de pessoas com 80 anos ou mais ainda neste ano.
A pesquisa publicada na semana passada mostrou que a taxa de proteção da vacina cai conforme a idade e varia de 61,8% na faixa etária dos 70 aos 74 anos a 28% acima dos 80 anos. No grupo entre 75 e 79 anos, o índice encontrado foi de 48,9%. Na maioria dos casos, portanto, o indicador foi superior ou muito similar à eficácia verificada nos estudos clínicos do produto no Brasil (50,7%). A maior preocupação é sobre o grupo de idosos maiores de 80 anos.
Alguns especialistas defendem que é necessário esperar mais dados para pensar em qualquer estratégia de revacinação ou dose de reforço, afinal o estudo não mediu a proteção da vacina contra internações e óbitos. Outros cientistas acreditam que a política de imunização já deva começar a ser repensada a partir de agora, de acordo com as vacinas que forem entregues.
Para um dos autores do estudo, o infectologista Julio Croda, da Fiocruz, a aplicação de uma dose de reforço ou o início de um novo esquema com vacinas mais efetivas para idosos, como a da Pfizer, deveria ser feito ainda neste ano, após o término da imunização dos grupos prioritários. “Esses dados trazem evidências de que a gente tem de acelerar nossa vacinação para iniciar o mais rápido possível, quando for permitido (a revacinação). O que a gente está pensando neste momento é revacinar para prevenir ainda mais o adoecimento nesse grupo acima de 80 anos, que é o que tem o maior risco e é uma parcela pequena da população”, diz. Segundo dados do Ministério da Saúde, ao menos 4,2 milhões de idosos acima dos 80 anos já receberam ao menos uma dose da vacina contra a COVID-19.
Ele ressalta que, apesar da queda da efetividade com a idade, a Coronavac ainda tem bom desempenho, até superior ao dos estudos clínicos, para as demais faixas etárias e, por isso, deve continuar sendo usada nos demais grupos populacionais e para a segunda dose dos que ainda não a receberam.
Para Isabella Ballalai, vice-presidente da Sociedade Brasileira de Imunizações (SBIm), é possível que uma revacinação seja necessária no futuro, mas, para isso, são necessários mais dados para dar base a qualquer decisão nesse sentido. “Esse resultado não é motivo para pânico. As vacinas têm como objetivo maior reduzir internações e mortes e os dados publicados foram para qualquer nível de doença. É muito precoce decidir o que fazer agora. Esse dado isolado acende um alerta e reforça que é importantíssimo, principalmente para os mais idosos, manter as medidas de proteção”, diz a médica.
Croda afirmou que o grupo do qual faz parte, o Vebra COVID-19 Brasil, está acompanhando grupos de idosos vacinados em São Paulo e Manaus e deve publicar dados sobre a taxa de proteção contra casos e mortes dentro de um mês. O infectologista afirmou ainda que os dados do estudo foram compartilhados com o ministério e que a pasta estuda a necessidade de revacinação desse grupo. O Estadão solicitou entrevista com porta-vozes do Programa Nacional de Imunizações (PNI) sobre o assunto, mas não recebeu resposta.
Membro do grupo de especialistas independentes que assessora o ministério nos temas de vacinação, o imunologista Jorge Kalil, professor da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, afirma que o tema já começou a ser discutido informalmente entre os cientistas do comitê e deve ser levado para debate no ministério.
O médico também defende a ideia de oferecer uma dose de reforço ou uma vacina mais efetiva aos maiores de 80 anos assim que possível, mas admite que o debate depende da disponibilidade de imunizantes. “Particularmente acho que, depois de vacinar os mais vulneráveis, deveríamos voltar a imunizar os mais idosos, mas temos de basear isso em dados.”
